Description: Russian Black
The Russian Black is a breed that does not exist as a uniquely recognized breed within the commonly referenced registries such as the American Kennel Club (AKC) or the United Kennel Club (UKC). It is possible that there might be a confusion with other breeds or a misconception regarding the existence of a so-called 'Russian Black' breed. If you have a dog that is referred to as a 'Russian Black,' it may be worthwhile to investigate further into specific characteristics or lineage to better determine the breed. Remember that many dogs may possess a black coat, which is common across numerous breeds with varying traits and histories.
Properties
The Russian Black, often referred to as the Russian Black Terrier, is a breed of dog developed in the Soviet Union in the late 1940s and early 1950s for use as military/working dogs. History agrees that the breed was formulated mainly from breeds such as the Giant Schnauzer, Airedale Terrier, and Rottweiler, with a goal of creating a robust, resilient and sizable breed capable of handling the various demands in military operations. The development was undertaken by state kennels, specifically the Red Star Kennel, whose breeders aimed to ensure these dogs could handle the harsh Russian climate.
The Russian Black Terrier is known for its courage, confidence, and intelligence. It stands out with its impressive size and substance, characterized by a powerful build, with males typically standing between 27 to 30 inches at the shoulder and weighing between 80 to 130 pounds, while females are slightly smaller. Their coat, usually black (sometimes with a few grey hairs), is rough and dense, providing protection from adverse weather conditions. The grooming needs are relatively high; regular brushing and professional trimming several times a year are required to maintain their coat and prevent matting.
Temperamentally, the Russian Black Terrier is balanced yet alert, making an excellent guard dog and a loyal family pet. This breed is known for its ability to discern threats and protect its owners without undue aggression. Extensive socialization from a young age is essential for this breed, as their protective nature can turn into overprotectiveness if not properly managed.
Due to its origins and the purposes for which it was bred, the Russian Black Terrier requires a significant amount of physical and mental exercise. They excel in activities such as obedience, agility, and tracking, and they benefit from engaging in tasks that challenge both their mind and body. Without adequate exercise, they can become restless and exhibit behavioral issues. They are generally healthy but like many large breeds, they can be prone to specific health issues such as hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, and bloat. Potential owners should ensure that they obtain their pets from reputable breeders who conduct health screenings on their breeding stock.
Overall, the Russian Black Terrier is a dedicated and protective breed, suited for experienced dog owners who can provide the firm, consistent training and the active lifestyle that the dog requires. Their reliance on close human relationships and their aptitude for guarding make them excellent companions, as long as they are integrated into the family with strong leadership and proper training.
Appearance
The Russian Black Terrier, often simply called the Black Russian Terrier despite its name, is a robust, large, and powerful dog, known not only for its courage and strength but also for its unique appearance. Developed originally by the Russian military following World War II, this breed is a result of crossing several breeds, including the Giant Schnauzer, Airedale Terrier, Rottweiler, and the Moscow Water Dog. This strategic blend aimed to create a breed suited for the various demands of military life, resulting in a versatile, resilient, and formidable dog.
Characteristic of the breed is its massive and muscular body which showcases the strength and stamina inherent to the Russian Black Terrier. They generally stand between 27 to 30 inches at the shoulder and weigh between 80 to 130 pounds, males being typically larger than females. Their sturdy physique is complemented by a slightly elongated body, not exaggerated but enough to provide agility and endurance.
The breed's coat, which is one of its most distinctive features, is thick, coarse, and somewhat wiry, reflecting its purpose of protection against harsh Russian climates. The double-coat consists of a softer undercoat and a harsh outer coat, typically trimmed to between 1.5 to 4 inches in length, adding to their formidable appearance. The coat is predominantly black, sometimes with scattered gray hairs.
Another distinguishing feature of the Russian Black Terrier is its head; it is robust and broad with a slightly rounded skull and a short, stout muzzle. The high set, triangular ears complement the powerful neck and broad shoulders. Their eyes, small, dark, and deep-set, give them a keen, alert gaze, reflecting their vigilant nature. The overall expression of a Russian Black is one of confidence and calm, asserting a demeanor of a dog that is both a reliable worker and a loyal protector.
Despite their daunting appearance, the Russian Black Terrier moves with a surprising agility and smoothness, displaying a well-balanced gait that highlights both power and grace. This breed’s presence is commanding, yet it holds a certain noble elegance, making it as much a regal companion as it is an able-bodied working dog. Their appearance not only reflects their physical abilities but also their complex and steadfast temperament.
History
The Russian Black Terrier, also known as the Black Russian Terrier (BRT) or simply the Chornyi Terrier, is a breed of dog created in Russia during the late 1940s and the early 1950s for use as military/working dogs. At the end of World War II, the Soviet Army returned home, but the country was in ruins, and the need for rebuilding included the establishment of an effective military dog program. The Red Star Kennel, run by the Soviet Army's Central School of Military Canine Breeding and Training, was tasked with developing a breed suited to guard military installations in various climatic conditions.
The development of the Russian Black Terrier was highly systematic, involving the crossing of several breeds including the Giant Schnauzer, Airedale Terrier, Rottweiler, and the Moscow Water Dog (now extinct). The breeders' goal was to create a large, strong, and robust dog that could handle the diverse and often harsh Russian climate, and be trainable, controllable, and capable of performing various tasks. By the 1950s, they had largely succeeded in their goal, and the BRT began to be noticed outside military circles.
From its military roots, the Russian Black Terrier was also recognized for its capabilities as a personal protection dog and as a companion. With its solid constitution and versatile abilities, it emerged into public awareness and gained popularity as a priceless helper in various service roles, including work in prisons, border patrol, and as police dogs. The breed was recognized by the Russian Ministry of Agriculture in 1981, which was an important step in formalizing its standards.
The Russian Black Terrier was introduced to the international scene in the 1970s and was recognized by major kennel clubs in the following decades. The American Kennel Club (AKC) recognized the breed in the Working Group in 2004. Today, while still serving in various military and service roles, Russian Black Terriers are also cherished as family pets and show dogs. They are known for their intelligence, loyalty, and protective nature, making them excellent companions for active and experienced dog owners. The breed continues to retain the qualities of a working dog and thrives best with tasks and engaging activities, reflecting the original intentions behind its creation.